The invention relates to a method for extracting neomycin from a neomycin broth. The method comprises the following steps: 1) heating the neomycin broth to temperature of 65-75 DEG C; 2) placing a diatomite filter aid with mass accounting for 1-2% of that of the neomycin broth in the heated neomycin broth; 3) filtering the neomycin broth prepared in the step 2) with a filter to obtain a clear liquid containing neomycin; 4) loading the clear liquid containing neomycin to directly carry out column adsorption; and 5) desorbing the clear liquid and concentrating the clear liquid to prepare the neomycin finished product. The method for extracting neomycin from the neomycin broth can solve the environmental protection problem in neomycin production, energy saving for the novel extraction technology for neomycin sulfate can be realized, and cleaning production can be realized.