The invention provides a mobile terminal power consumption test system and method. A mobile terminal data line is connected with a mobile terminal and a test power supply, wherein the connection mode of the data line and the test power supply is that the relative other end of one end connected with the mobile terminal of the data line is a USB interface, and the USB power line and the ground line in the USB interface are respectively connected with the two electrodes of the test power supply; and the test flow is performed, and the test flow includes the steps that the power consumption loss value of the mobile terminal data line is tested by the test power supply under each test scene; and the initial power consumption test value of the mobile terminal is tested by the test power supply under each test scene, and the tested initial power consumption test value of the mobile terminal subtracts the power consumption loss value of the mobile terminal data line under the same scene so that a final power consumption test value is obtained. According to the technical scheme, connection with the mobile terminal is realized by utilizing the data line adaptive to the existing interface of the mobile terminal to complete the power consumption test with no requirement for disassembling so that the problems in the prior art that disassembling and line welding are required can be solved, and the power consumption test is enabled to be simpler and more convenient.