The invention discloses a ventilation control system and a ventilation control method of a commissioning chamber. The ventilation control system comprises a normal-opening starting switch, a normally-closed switch, a first contactor, a second contactor, a third contactor, a revolving speed sensor and a thermal infrared human body sensor; a first electrode of an alternating current power supply is sequentially connected with the normal-opening starting switch, the normally-closed switch, a coil of the first contactor and a second electrode of the alternating current power supply in series, and a first normally-open switch of the first contactor is connected with the normal-opening starting switch in parallel; one end of the normal-opening starting switch is sequentially connected with a second normally-opening switch of the first contactor, an auxiliary switch of the revolving speed sensor, a coil of the second contactor and a second electrode of the alternating current power supply in series; an auxiliary switch of the thermal infrared human body sensor is connected with an auxiliary switch of the revolving speed sensor in parallel; a coil of the third contactor is connected with the coil of the second contactor in parallel, and an air feeder is connected with a three-phase alternating-current power supply. The ventilation control system can greatly save energy sources.