The embodiment of the invention discloses a short topic text identification method and device based on a social network. The short topic text identification method based on the social network comprises the following steps: receiving a short topic text based on the social network; acquiring a topic keyword of the short topic text; determining a capability tag corresponding to the short topic text according to the topic keyword of the short topic text based on a preset mapping relationship between topic keywords and capability tags of the social network; and setting the corresponding capability tag for the short topic text. The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that short topic texts are identified in a classification way. Short text classification in the prior art has the defects of low accuracy and coverage rate due to limited content. In the embodiment of the invention, a capability tag of a publisher is introduced after introduction of the topic keywords and mapping of the topic keywords to the capability tags, so that the accuracy and coverage rate of short topic text classification can be increased effectively.