The invention discloses a sand-coated iron mold casting device for friction rings of brake discs for high-speed rails and a casting technology. The sand-coated iron mold casting device comprises an upper mold modeling device and a lower mold modeling device. The upper mold modeling device comprises an upper mold plate, the upper mold plate is provided with an upper pattern of a round ring shape, a pouring system is arranged at the part, in the middle hole of the upper pattern, of the upper mold plate, an upper sand box is arranged above the upper mold plate in a matched mode, and electric heating rods horizontally arranged are installed in the upper mold plate. The lower mold modeling device comprises a lower mold plate, a lower sand box is arranged above the lower mold plate in a matched mode, and the electric heating rods horizontally arranged are installed in the lower mold plate. The chilling effect of sand-coated iron molds on molten liquid is good, and the friction performance of products is greatly improved; the turning amount of brake disc castings is small, and the yield of the technology can reach 80%; the surface quality of the brake disc castings is high, and flash burrs are avoided. According to the technology and the casting device, the qualified brake disc castings can be successfully produced, the domestic gap is filled in, and the market requirement is met.