The invention provides a method for controlling cotton bollworms in peanut fields through the synergistic effect of a sex attractant and a food attractant and belongs to the technical field of biological control of cotton bollworms in peanut fields. The method is characterized in that the sex attractant and the food attractant are combined to control the cotton bollworms in the peanut fields synergistically, wherein the mass ratio of the sex attractant and the food attractant is 1: (4-6); the sex attractant mainly comprises cis-9-hexadecenal, cis-11-fulure and trans-hex-2-enyl acetate in the mass ratio being 1:1:1; the food attractant mainly comprises ethyl acetate, oleic acid, benzoic acid, brown sugar and vinegar in the mass ratio being 2:1:1:2:2. According to the method for controlling the cotton bollworms, no pesticides are required, and the method is ecological and efficient, can be used for concentrated trapping of the cotton bollworms and has remarkable economic benefits and ecological benefits.