The invention relates to a lifeboat for emergency rescue. The lifeboat comprises an elastic hull. The front and two sides of the elastic hull are provided with a first buoy assembly, on which a second buoy assembly is arranged. The back of the elastic hull is provided with an elastic coaming plate which is respectively connected to the first and second buoy assemblies. The lifeboat also comprises a power unit which is arranged on the elastic hull or the elastic coaming plate and is used for providing power. The invention has the following superior effects: during navigation, a lifeboat is easy to pierce by sharp apparatuses such as obstacles or foreign materials in water such that a first cavity of the first buoy assembly or second buoy assembly leaks air; a proper amount of an expansion foaming agent is filled into the first cavity through expansion foaming agent filling equipment until the first cavity is filled with the expansion foaming agent, so as to continuously utilize the first cavity to raise bearing capacity of the lifeboat and increase emergency rescue probability; and a lifebuoy assembly has functions of saving space, preventing scarification, preventing collision and increasing buoyancy and has an emergency lifesaving function, and the lifeboat has a simple structure and is safe and reliable.