The invention relates to an insect negative pressure flying information collection device and a method. The collection device comprises an air pump, a sealing can, a flying mill and a data collector, wherein the air pump is communicated with the sealing can; the flying mill is disposed in the sealing can; and the data collector is connected with an output end of the flying mill. The collection method comprises steps of hanging insects on the flying mill, adjusting negative pressure and collecting data via software. The collection device has novel structure, rational design and simple operation as well as stable negative pressure condition; and flying conditions of insects under the negative pressure condition can be accurately collected.