The invention provides detection equipment and a detection method for detecting surface flatness of a mobile terminal shell body. The detection equipment comprises a base, a bearing platform, a plurality of positioning columns, a sliding device and a pressure inductive thickness gauge assembly, wherein the bearing platform is used for bearing the mobile terminal shell body and is arranged in the middle part of the base, and a sliding groove is formed in the base surrounding the bearing platform; the plurality of positioning columns are arranged on the bearing platform and combined with preset through holes in the mobile terminal shell body so as to position the mobile terminal shell body, and a gap is reserved between the bearing platform and the mobile terminal shell body; the sliding device can be placed in the sliding groove in a relative sliding manner; and the pressure inductive thickness gauge assembly is fixed on the sliding device, extends into the gap between the bearing platform and the mobile terminal shell body, moves along with the sliding of the sliding device, and is used for judging the flatness of each part on the surface of the mobile terminal shell body according to a comparative result of an acquired pressure induction signal and a preset threshold value. The detection equipment and the detection method achieve automatic detection of the surface flatness of the mobile terminal shell body, and are convenient, rapid and efficient.