The invention discloses a novel metal oxide iron-copper composite modified quartz sand filter material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Concretely, the metal oxide iron-copper composite modified quartz sand filter material is prepared by modifying quartz sand with ferric trichloride and copper sulfate as modifying agents by adopting a microwave technology at the same time. The metal oxide iron-copper composite modified quartz sand filter material prepared by using the method in the invention can effectively adsorb organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, phosphorus, etc. in water; the material has a specific surface area which is 8.96 times of the specific surface area of ordinary quartz sand, and has larger adsorption capacity than the ordinary quartz sand; a removal rate of the material to humic acid is 96.58% and is increased by 67.86% than the removal rate of the ordinary quartz sand to the humic acid; and the removal rate of the material to the phosphorus in water is 71.5% to 96.23%. Moreover, the modified quartz sand filter material has higher adhesion strength to pollutants and is reduced in desorption rate to surface metals; meanwhile, the material has low production cost and investment cost and is convenient for industrial production.