The invention discloses a fault detection device and detection method of an ultra-high voltage (UHV) substation transformer based on a 360-degree infrared panoramic view and a support vector machine (SVM). The fault detection device comprises a circular track, an intelligent controllable trolley and a thermal infrared imager, wherein the intelligent controllable trolley is arranged on the circular track and can move on the circular track; the thermal infrared imager is arranged on the intelligent controllable trolley; a bracket is arranged on the intelligent controllable trolley; the thermal infrared imager is fixed on the bracket; the invention further discloses the fault detection method of the UHV substation transformer based on the 360-degree infrared panoramic view and the SVM. According to the fault detection device and detection method, provided by the invention, the real-time operating state of the transformer can be reflected vividly, the operating state of the transformer can be observed from different angles without dead corners, and the operating faults can be judged very early.