The invention provides a self-correcting system based on a graphene sensor. The self-correcting system based on the graphene sensor comprises a power supply, the graphene sensor, a piezoelectric conversion circuit used for converting deformation information generated by the graphene sensor into analog signals, an analog-to-digital converter used for converting the analog signals into digital signals, and a microcontroller, wherein one end of the microcontroller is connected with the output end of the analog-to-digital converter; the other end of the microcontroller is connected with the piezoelectric conversion circuit to be used for controlling and adjusting the value of resistance of the piezoelectric conversion circuit according to the digital signals output by the analog-to-digital converter so as to control and adjust the digital signals output by the analog-to-digital converter to meet threshold conditions. The system can ensure the largest dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter, so that the analog-to-digital converter has the best linearity, and the accuracy of processing data by a following circuit can be improved.