The invention provides an ultrasonic probe collision protection device and method in ultrasonic non-destructive testing. An ultrasonic probe is arranged in a mounting hole of an ultrasonic probe clamping part; the lower end of a bubble wiping device is arranged in another mounting hole of the ultrasonic probe clamping part; the upper end of the bubble wiping device is arranged in a mounting hole of a bubble wiping device clamping part; the lower half part of a machine insurance part is fastened with the bubble wiping device clamping part, and the upper half part of the machine insurance part is fastened with a guide rail transit plate; a lower compaction block and an upper compaction block are compaction devices of the machine insurance part; the upper end of a machine insurance connecting part is fixed on the guide rail transit plate, and the lower end of the machine insurance connecting part is fixed on the bubble wiping device clamping part; and a sensor detecting component is fixed on the guide rail transit plate. According to the invention, when the ultrasonic probe is collided with obstacles, machine fuses are sacrificed so as to protect the ultrasonic probe and other structures.