The invention relates to the field of vessels, in particular to a water surface unmanned surveying vessel. The water surface unmanned surveying vessel comprises a main vessel body (1) and at least one floating body set. The main vessel body (1) is at least used for holding a control system, an underwater surveying instrument (27), a propeller (24), a rudder (26) and a power system. Each floating body set comprises two stability improving floating bodies (2 and 3). The two stability improving floating bodies (2 and 3) are disposed on the two sides of the main vessel body (1) symmetrically and detachably connected with the main vessel body (1). Each of the stability improving floating bodies (2 and 3) is an integrally formed part. The water surface unmanned surveying vessel is adaptable to different water power environments, and the comprehensive operation efficiency of the vessel body is high.