Embodiments of the present invention provide a disk data read-write method and system. The method comprises: receiving a read-write request, determining, according to the read-write request, disk data that needs to be read and written, and calculating a keyword in the disk data according to a preset hash algorithm, to obtain a hash value; searching a skip list for a storage node of the disk data in a cache according to the hash value; if the read-write request is a read request, reading the disk data from the storage node in the cache; and if the read-write request is a write request, storing the disk data into the storage node in the cache, and when a size of cache data, which is not written into a disk, in the cache is greater than a preset threshold value, writing all the cache data, which is not written into the disk, in the cache into the disk. Read and write times of the disk are effectively reduced, and a problem that an IO throughput capacity of the disk is low is resolved. Further, for a client, a problem of poor throughput capacity experience of the client is also improved efficiently.