The purpose of the present invention is to provide a substrate having an antireflective layer, and which has exceptional antireflective characteristics as well as high water/oil repellency and good removal of oily soils; and a display device including a substrate having an antireflective layer. Provided are a substrate having an antireflective layer, wherein the substrate having an antireflective layer includes on at least one surface of the substrate an antireflective layer, the antireflective layer containing a silica based porous film having a fluorine-containing organic group, the surface of the substrate on the side opposite from the antireflective layer having an element ratio F/Si, which is calculated from the F1s peak height and the Si2p peak height obtained in surface analysis through scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), of 1 or above, and having mean roughness (Sa) of 3.0 nm or less; and a display device including the substrate having an antireflective layer.