The invention provides a synthesis method of biomass-derived hydroxyl telechelic polyester. The method comprises the steps: performing esterification reaction on acid and alcohol, then performing multi-segment condensation polymerization to finally obtain a polyester product, wherein in the condensation process, esterification reaction is performed firstly, and then acid and alcohol are alternately added to perform condensation polymerization. The molar ratio of alcohol to acid in the whole process is 0.9-1.5. Raw materials used in the invention are biomass-derived, can be regenerated for esterification and multi-segment condensation polymerization, and finally, the polyester product with a controllable acid value and hydroxyl value can be finally obtained.