A method for evaluating an influence of random disturbance on a periodic structure of a Helmholtz resonator comprises the following steps: 1, determining propagation characteristics of a sound wave in a pipeline equipped with the periodic structure of the Helmholtz resonator; 2, determining a calculation method for making statistics on mean transmission loss; 3, calculating the mean transmission loss subjected to statistics; and 4, performing verification. According to the method, system performance in the presence of value disturbance of unit parameters of the periodic structure of the periodic Helmholtz resonator is fully considered and a concept for making statistics on the mean transmission loss is proposed for measuring the performance of a resonator array with disturbance; and meanwhile, a truncated normal distribution processing method is proposed for calculating mathematical expectation of a random disturbance variable function, and the disturbance problem possibly occurring in the process for realizing the periodic structure is evaluated, so that the effect is good.