The invention belongs to mineral processing separation processes and systems, and relates to an efficient coal derived pyrite dry-method enrichment process and a system. When pyrite is inlaid in a coarse aggregate manner and the degree of dissociation is high, no breaking operation is needed. A dry-method dense medium fluidized bed separation machine or a composite dry-method separation machine and a vibration fluidized bed separation machine are combined with the enrichment process. When the disseminated grain size of pyrite in high-sulfur gangue is lower than the fine degree of dissociation, breaking and dissociation operation is carried out on samples, and the vibration fluidized bed separation machine is adopted for carrying out enrichment on brasses in fine-grain high-sulfur gangue. Gangue materials of +6 mm in a pyrite buffer bin are recycled by the dry-method dense medium fluidized bed separation machine and the composite dry-method separation machine and enter the separation machine through a feeder and a belt conveyor, high-density pyrite enters the bottom of a bed layer to be separated from gangue, concentrates and tailings enter a concentrate bin and a tailing bin respectively, the concentrates are pyrite, and the tailings are gangue. The process is simple in procedure, reasonable in technical path, large in handling capacity and stable in running, and running cost is effectively reduced.