The invention discloses a roadway illumination detection method and a central processor. The method comprises that the central processor obtains illumination information, which comprises one or multiple selected from the illuminance, the brightness, the reflectivity and the chroma, of at least one detection point of a roadway to be detected in a preset period; the central process detects that whether the illumination information of the one or multiple detection point(s) satisfies preset illumination requirement, and obtains a detection result of the roadway to be detected; and the central processor outputs the detection result of the roadway to be detected. The roadway illumination detection method and the central processor solve the technical problems that the illumination information of the points to be detected cannot be determined accurately in real time and the detection result of roadway illumination is inaccurate when the working state of the roadway illumination is detected in prior art.