The invention provides woody hollow fibers and a preparation method of woody hollow active carbon fibers. With biomass resources such as wood as raw materials, a raw material liquefaction spinning solution is spun to obtain as-spun fibers, the as-spun fibers are prepared into the hollow fibers through a dissolving-curing process, and then the hollow fibers are prepared into the woody hollow active carbon fibers through carbonizing and activating processes. Through the method, the biomass resources are taken as the main raw materials of the active carbon fibers, so that the production cost of the hollow active carbon fibers is lowered, the utilization rate of the biomass resources and the additional value of the fibers are improved, and the industrial production of the woody hollow active carbon fibers is facilitated. The specific surface area of the hollow active carbon fibers is 1350-2854m<2>/g, and the hollow ratio of the hollow active carbon fibers is 40%-90%. A wood liquefaction hollow dissolving agent is low in cost, excellent in quality, simple in process and free of secondary pollution. Meanwhile, with the biomass resources as the raw materials of the hollow active carbon fibers, the production cost is lowered, and the competitiveness is high.