The invention discloses a handle locking device. The handle locking device comprises a handle rod, a barrel, a locking rod, springs and locating claws. The handle rod is located in the barrel in a sliding connection mode. A locating pin is arranged on the side face of the handle rod. The handle rod is sleeved with a bearing. The inner circle of the bearing is fixedly connected with the end, located outside the barrel, of the handle rod. The outer circle of the bearing is fixedly connected with a connecting rod. A strip-shaped hole is formed in the side face of the barrel in the axial direction of the barrel. The width of the strip-shaped hole is larger than the diameter of the locating pin. The locating pin is located in the strip-shaped hole in a sliding connection mode. The locking rod is also located in the strip-shaped hole. Grooves are formed in the locking rod. The springs are connected between the inner wall of the strip-shaped hole and the locking rod. When the springs are in the natural state, the side face of the locking rod can be abutted against the locating pin. The locating claws are hinged to the barrel and can rotate in the circumferential direction of the barrel. The locating claws can stretch into the grooves of the locking rod. When the locating claws stretch into the grooves of the locking rod, the springs are in the compressed state. All the components of the handle locking device are connected to the handle rod or the barrel, thereby being unlikely to be lost.