The invention discloses an energization wire combustion experiment device capable of automatically igniting and collecting smoke and a method. The device comprises two parts of a combustion chamber and a control center; a sample platform is arranged in the combustion chamber, the middle of the sample platform is provided with an automatic smoke particle collecting device, one end of the sample platform is provided with an automatic igniting device, a sample wire is fixed on the sample platform, and a control circuit of the sample wire is connected with a relay; the two ends of the combustion chamber are provided with forced convection generation devices, the combustion chamber is a cuboid, an opening is formed in the left end of the combustion chamber, a circular air inlet is formed in the right wall face, a draught fan is arranged at the circular air inlet, the front wall face of the combustion chamber is provided with a rectangular observation window, a camera is fixed at the edge of the window, and the lower right corner of the front wall face of the combustion chamber is provided with a draught fan switch and an air speed adjusting knob. According to the device and the method, the shape and distribution of smoke particles at different height of dynamic flames in the fire spreading process can be obtained, and cable fires can be detected and prevented in time.