A fixed type air purification device powered by solar energy comprises a supporting frame (1), multiple air filter column units and an air inlet channel (7), wherein the air filter column units are arranged in the supporting frame (1), and the air inlet channel (7) is arranged at the bottom of the supporting frame (1). Each air filter column unit comprises a filter element cylinder section (9), a spline groove portion section (94) and a thread portion section (93), wherein the spline groove portion section (94) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the upper end of the filter element cylinder section (9), and the thread portion section (93) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the lower end of the filter element cylinder section (9). Each filter element cylinder section (9) comprises multiple filter section units which are distributed in the axial direction of the filter element cylinder section (9) and identical in height in the axial direction. Each filter section unit is provided with two breathable filter windows (91) and two impermeable connection sections (92), wherein the two breathable filter windows (91) form a 180-degree included angle in the circumferential direction, and the two impermeable connection sections (92) form a 90-degree included angle in the circumferential direction.