The invention provides a device and a method for quickly measuring the tensile property of a high-elasticity material. The device comprises a blenometer, a first metal ring, a hollow cylinder with scales, a lower clamp, an upper clamp, a second metal ring and a third metal ring, wherein the third metal ring is connected with the second metal ring through first elastic-free connection equipment; a ring hole and a clamping slot are formed in the third metal ring; the second metal ring is connected with the upper clamp through second elastic-free connection equipment; the upper clamp and the lower clamp are used for fixing a sample to be measured; the lower clamp is connected with the first metal ring through third elastic-free connection equipment; the third metal ring is arranged above the exterior of the hollow cylinder with the scales; the first metal ring is arranged below the exterior of the hollow cylinder with the scales; the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged in the hollow cylinder with the scales; the blenometer is connected with the first metal ring. The invention provides the method completed by the device, and the tensile properties of different elastic materials can be quickly and accurately measured.