The invention discloses a monitoring method of salt ion content in saline soil based on a hyperspectral technology. The method comprises the following main steps: (1) collecting a soil sample in the wild and pre-treating the sample; (2) drying and sifting the soil sample; (3) measuring the total salt and eight salt ions in the soil sample; (4) carrying out hyperspectral measurement on the soil sample to obtain the original spectral reflectance characteristic curve of the soil sample; (5) processing the original spectral value, and carrying out correlation analysis between the spectral value and the measured salt ion content; (6) introducing the construction method of a support vector machine model, and performing model building and precision evaluation on the screened spectral transformation form. The monitoring method is relatively high in the prediction accuracy for each salt ion content in soil, provides a novel approach for the indoor measurement of the salt ion content in saline soil, and provides a novel way for achieving quick and lossless monitoring of the harm types of regional soil salinization.