The invention discloses an inductance current-limiting lightning rod lightning protection effect theoretical verification method. At first, a finite element analysis method is employed, based on the known structure parameter and material of an inductance current-limiting lightning rod, a high frequency electromagnetic transient model, i.e., a high frequency circuit model of the inductance current-limiting lightning rod is extracted, by combining a routine lightning protection analysis method, a simulating calculation model of a electric transmission line, a tower, an insulator, a lightning current and the inductance current-limiting lightning rod is established in an electromagnetic transient simulation program, the change of the lightning back-flashover level of the line is analyzed in a simulated manner when the inductance current-limiting lightning rod is installed or not, and the lightning protection effect of the inductance current-limiting lightning rod is evaluated. The theoretical verification method of the lightning protection effect of the inductance current-limiting lightning rod is feasible, lightning accidents of the electric transmission line can be reduced, and the power grid can operate safely and reliably.