The invention discloses a quick mounting structure for a top comb on a combing machine. The quick mounting structure comprises a rack of the combing machine and a top comb plate, wherein a plurality of waist-shaped mounting holes are formed in the top comb plate; a plurality of bosses which are the same with the top comb plate mounting holes in shape are fixed on the rack of the combing machine; supporting columns are formed on the bosses; supporting shafts are formed on top end surfaces of the supporting columns; horizontal cutting slots and vertical cutting slots are formed in outer walls at upper ends of the supporting columns and outer walls at side ends of the supporting columns respectively; circular-arc transition parts are formed between the horizontal cutting slots and the vertical cutting slots; baffle strips which are the same with the bosses in shape are arranged on the supporting shafts; D-shaped jacks are formed in the baffle strips; the supporting shafts are spliced in the jacks of the baffle strips; linear inner walls in the jacks are pressed against the outer walls of the vertical cutting slots of the supporting shafts; baffle blocks are fixed at the top ends of the supporting shafts; the baffle blocks are resisted against the baffle strips; torsion springs are formed on the supporting columns; one ends of the torsion springs are fixed on the bosses and the other ends of the torsion springs are fixed on the baffle strips. The quick mounting structure adopts a novel connecting structure, so that the top comb is relatively convenient to mount and dismount.