The invention discloses a casting mold and casting method for a hollow fiber membrane filter core. The casting mold for the hollow fiber membrane filter core comprises a main mold body which is equipped with a material holding groove, and an in-built ring which may be placed at bottom and forms a stepped casting chamber together with the material holding groove. According to the invention, since the casting mold comprises the main mold body and the in-built ring, the material holding groove is arranged in the main mold body, and the in-built ring may be placed at the bottom and forms the stepped casting chamber together with the material holding groove, filter core preparation parameters like the size of a rubber ring at the transverse plane of the filter core, filling density and rubber filling height of the filter core can be adjusted by adjusting the internal and external diameters, the height and the size of the in-built ring; operation is flexible; cost for multiple mold casting is saved; and casted filter cores are of unified form and specification.