A volatile organic compound elimination detection device includes at least a fixed bed micro reactor with an air inlet and an air outlet; a plurality of gas pipelines which are respectively selectively connected with the air inlet of the fixed bed micro reactor by a six-way valve; and a gas chromatograph which is connected with the air outlet of the fixed bed micro reactor by the six-way valve; wherein the plurality of gas pipelines include an inorganic small molecular contaminant gas pipeline, a plurality of pre processing gas pipelines, a carbon dioxide pipeline, a carrier gas pipeline and a volatile organic compound supply line, and the plurality of pre processing gas pipeline include oxygen, hydrogen and diluent gas pipelines. The invention also provides a detection method using the volatile organic compound elimination detection device for volatile organic compound elimination detection. The volatile organic compound elimination detection device and detection method integrate catalyst activation and conversion of volatile organic compounds, and the volatile organic compound elimination detection device is easy to modify, and can effectively improve the efficiency, save space and reduce the cost.