The invention discloses a preparation method of a microsphere close-packed shape memory porous scaffold. Medicine delivery and a porous structure are formed in a material with a shape memory function under the action of a pore-foaming agent and a medicine, so as to prepare the porous scaffold with the shape memory function and the medicine function. A porous scaffold material loaded with medicine factors is prepared by (1) preparation of drug-loaded calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres, and (2) preparation of the porous structure; the prepared porous scaffold has a good shape memory property, biocompatibility and biodegradability, also has a drug release effect, and has a great application prospect in the field of tissue engineering. An experiment proves that the preparation method has the advantages of controllable aperture, uniform dimension and the like, and does not need to sacrifice a pore-forming material; and the raw materials are cheap and easily available.