The invention discloses a special seed-metering device for short-distance breeding, and belongs to agricultural machinery. Indented seed-metering wheel and seed-cleaning bristle brush wheel assembly, which are matched with each other, are assembled in a seed-metering device shell, wherein a seed-cleaning knife is arranged in an annular groove of the indented seed-metering wheel, and is located at the position above the side part of the indented seed-metering wheel; a seed-guide groove body and a seed-guide pipe are sequentially arranged on the side part of the indented seed-metering wheel; the groove in the seed-guide groove body completely contains an indent, located in the part above the seed-cleaning knife, on the indented seed-metering wheel; the indented seed-metering wheel is located in the indent above the seed-cleaning knife and is communicated with a seed inlet in the upper end part of the seed-guide pipe; and the seed-cleaning knife is located in the groove of the seed-guide groove body. According to the special seed-metering device, a seed protecting region structure existing in a traditional indented seed-metering device is removed; the problem of a seed metering idle stroke of beginning the seed-metering operation is solved; and the seed-metering device has the characteristics of novel, simple and reasonable structure, and high utilization rate of breeding land.