The invention relates to a method for predicting soil vibration caused by flood discharge and energy dissipation and belongs to the field of safety of vibration caused by flood discharge and energy dissipation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, under the typical working condition, acquiring soil vibration response by a prototype observation method, then acquiring an area fluctuating pressure excitation load by adopting a hydraulic model test and establishing a correlation between the soil vibration response and the area fluctuating pressure excitation load; then acquiring an excitation load under the to-be-predicted working condition by the hydraulic model test and substituting the excitation load into the established correlation to obtain a vibration response predicted value. The predicting method provided by the invention has high accuracy, can be applied to various flood discharge conditions, is low in cost and is reliable and easy to operate.