The embodiment of the invention provides a data-mapping-mode transmission and recognition method and device and relates to the field of signal transmission of image displaying systems. By adoption of the data-mapping mode transmission and recognition method and device, the problem that data lines need to be additionally added for transmitting the data mapping modes of LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) in the existing LVDS data transmission is solved, the executing steps are simplified, the production cost is reduced and simultaneously the data transmission efficiency can be improved. The data-mapping-mode transmission and recognition method comprises the following steps of: acquiring first data signals; selecting a mapping mode for transmitting the first data signals; and sending the first data signals and the mapping mode for transmitting the first data signals to a second terminal by the same data line. The data-mapping-mode transmission and recognition method and device provided by the embodiment of the invention are applied in data signal transmission of the LVDS.