The invention discloses a standard Rogowski coil-based electronic current transformer calibration system. A standard Rogowski coil is taken as a standard source, a standard signal is output and directly digitalized, and the error and phase different data of a primary current signal can be measured without an additional analogue-to-digital conversion module at an electronic transformer calibrator part. No iron core is arranged in the coil, so that the influence of ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic saturation effects is eliminated, and the dynamic range and the measurement range are wide. Dual configuration is adopted for an adjustable acquisition unit, wherein by a configuration coefficient K0 of the first stage, a constant digital signal can be obtained when the same analogue signal is processed by different electronic circuits, namely the consistency of different electronic circuits is ensured, suitability for batch production is achieved, and adaptive calibration can be realized without changing a configuration coefficient Kn of the second stage after the electronic circuits are replaced in case of failure; by the configuration coefficient KX of the second stage, different primary current can be measured within a wide range, so that the requirement of different positions for high accuracy is met.