The invention provides a measuring unit for a casting roller of a continuous casting machine and a continuous casting machine measuring instrument employing the measuring unit. The measuring unit for the casting roller of the continuous casting machine comprises a mounting baseplate and a roller pair measuring part, wherein the roller pair measuring part is arranged on the mounting baseplate, the roller pair measuring part comprises an inclination measuring component and a rotary measuring component, the inclination measuring component comprises a swinging arm and a first measuring device for measuring the pendulum angle of the swinging arm, the swinging arm is arranged on the mounting baseplate in a swinging manner around a first axis, the inclination measuring component further comprises an elastic resilience part, and the elastic resilience part is arranged at the first end of the swinging arm; the rotary measuring component comprises a trolley wheel in contact with a casting roller and a second measuring device for measuring the rotating angle of the trolley wheel, and the trolley wheel is arranged at the second end of the swing arm in a rotatable manner, and pushes the swinging arm to swing under the effect of the casting roller. The continuous casting machine casting roller measuring unit can be used for carrying out comprehensive measuring to the casting roller.