The invention discloses a positive and reverse rotation impact performance test system for a closed hydraulic pump. The test system comprises a main oil tank, a first test oil way, a second test oil way, a bridge type loop, an oil discharge way, a control oil way, a pressure oil supply way and a first X port control oil way; the control oil way comprises a second overflow valve, an electromagnetic directional valve, and a third overflow valve; the electromagnetic directional valve and the third overflow valve are connected in series to form an impact test sub oil way; certain ends of the impact test control sub oil way and the second overflow valve which are connected in parallel are connected with the second node of the bridge type loop, and the other ends of the impact test control sub oil way and the second overflow valve are connected to the main oil tank. The positive and reverse rotation impact performance test system for the closed hydraulic pump can be used for testing the positive and reverse rotation impact performance of the closed hydraulic pump, can even simulate the performance test of a hydraulic product under the X port control situation and has the advantages that the test purposes are extensive, the operation is convenient and the like.