Disclosed is a coal gasification furnace comprising: a reaction vessel (12) formed in a cylindrical shape extending upwards, equipped with an outlet at the upper end thereof; and a plurality of cylindrical burner units (17) disposed on a reference plane (P1) parallel to a horizontal plane and lower than the outlet, and in a circumferential direction with gaps left therebetween on an inside surface of the reaction vessel, which supply coal and an oxidising agent to the inside of the reaction vessel; and coal is burned inside the reaction vessel to produce at least hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas. When seen from above, the axes (C1) of the burners are oriented in the same direction as and touch an imaginary circle centred on a central axis with a diameter less than the inside diameter of the reaction vessel, where the axes are parallel to a horizontal plane or where the tips of the burner units are oriented downwards.