The invention discloses a pneumatic floating device for automatically restoring shaft type components and belongs to the technical field of restoring devices. The pneumatic floating device for automatically restoring the shaft type components comprises a compression ring, a guider, a contact sleeve, a clamp ring, pistons, a piston ring, a coat and a rear coat cover, the pistons are arranged in circumferential mounting holes of the piston ring at intervals, one end of the contact sleeve is arranged in the piston ring while the other end is longitudinally located in the guider, the pistons are in contact with the circumferential surface of the contact sleeve, the piston ring is arranged in the coat and firmly connected with the rear coat cover, the compression ring is arranged outside the guider, and the guider is fixed on the piston ring through the compression ring. By means of the pneumatic floating device, the shaft type component is arranged on the pneumatic floating device, when the shaft type component moves due to stress, the contact sleeve moves correspondingly to enable the piston to move in the longitudinal direction relative to the shaft type component, in order to realize automatic restoring, air is filled to the piston ring, and the piston moves in the longitudinal direction by means of the inside air pressure so as to push the contact sleeve to return to the initial position.