The invention provides a beneficiation ship. The beneficiation ship comprises a hull provided with a beneficiation system. The beneficiation system comprises a trommel connected to a raw ore pulp inlet pipe. The trommel is connected to a roughing spiral chute and a tailings pond respectively. The roughing spiral chute is connected to a roughing concentrate pond. The roughing concentrate pond is connected to a concentration spiral chute. The concentration spiral chute is connected to a crude concentrate pond. The invention also provides a beneficiation method for the beneficiation ship. According to the beneficiation ship and the beneficiation method, a beneficiation system is compact in layout, large in equipment density, small in occupation area, low in center of gravity, high in wind and wave resistance, applicable to the sea area 1 km-20 km off shore and high in recovery rate.