The invention discloses a rapid cooling method for high-temperature materials. By means of the feed step, the primary cooling step, the discharge step, the primary separation step, the secondary separation and cooling step and the material storage step which are sequentially conducted, the first-time cooling is conducted on the high-temperature materials through cooling water, the second-time cooling of the materials is achieved by evaporating residual water through the waste heat of the materials, the whole material cooling efficiency is high, the cooling effect is good, the requirements for the texture and the high temperature tolerance of subsequent devices are low, and the maintenance cost and the failure rate of related devices can be accordingly decreased.