The invention discloses an insulator cleaning robot. The insulator cleaning robot comprises a crawling mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a locking mechanism, a detection mechanism and a battery control system, wherein the crawling mechanism is of a closed circumferential structure, surrounds an insulator string and drives a robot body to continuously move along the insulator string; the cleaning mechanism is of a closed circumferential structure and surrounds the insulator string; the locking mechanism is evenly arranged on the crawling mechanism, and the crawling mechanism is connected with the cleaning mechanism through the locking mechanism; the detection mechanism is arranged on one side of the locking mechanism, and the battery control system is installed on the crawling mechanism. The insulator cleaning robot is simple in structure; due to the overall symmetrical structure, the stability of the robot is good; as the continuous type movement mode is adopted, the movement speed is high, the cleaning mode is simple, the cleaning speed is high, abrasion to coatings of insulators is small, locking is reliable, an adjustment mechanism can be suitable for insulator strings different in structural height and disc diameter, and electrification insulator string cleaning operation and insulator sheet quality detection can be carried out.