The invention relates to the technical field of building structures, and in particular relates to a masonry structure with a longitudinal reinforcing rib and a construction method thereof. The masonry structure with the longitudinal reinforcing rib disclosed by the invention comprises a building block, a ground ring beam, a left frame column, a right frame column and a top ring beam; the lower end of the left frame column is fixed together with the left end of the ground ring beam; the upper end of the left frame column is fixed together with the left end of the top ring beam; the lower end of the right frame column is fixed together with the right end of the ground ring beam; the upper end of the right frame column is fixed together with the right end of the top ring beam; and adjacent two building blocks are built together through mortar, so that a building layer is formed. Compared with the traditional masonry structure, the vertical bearing capacity, the horizontal bearing capacity, the displacement ductility, the energy consumption and the heat-preservation and heat-insulation ability of the masonry structure with the longitudinal reinforcing rib are better; the non-deformability of the masonry structure disclosed by the invention is higher than that of a frame structure having good anti-seismic property; the masonry structure disclosed by the invention is environment friendly; furthermore, the masonry structure disclosed by the invention is little in dependence of large equipment, short in construction period and low in use amount of reinforced concrete; and thus, the building cost of farmers is greatly reduced.