The invention discloses a spring operating mechanism and a high-voltage vacuum breaker. The spring operating mechanism comprises a frame. An energy accumulation shaft and a first drive unit for driving the energy accumulation shaft to rotate are disposed on the frame. A switch-on spring is disposed between the energy accumulation shaft and the frame. A transmission spindle in transmission connection with the energy accumulation shaft through a transmission mechanism is further disposed on the frame. The transmission spindle is located above the energy accumulation shaft, the first drive unit and the switch-on spring. The transmission spindle is provided with three transmission output ends which are respectively used for being in transmission connection with the movable contacts of a three-phase vacuum arc extinguishing chamber. The spring operating mechanism has the advantages the transmission spindle is disposed above the energy accumulation shaft, the first drive unit and the switch-on spring and is close to the three-phase vacuum arc extinguishing chamber of a breaker body, spring accumulated energy is transmitted to the transmission spindle from bottom to top, the transmission spindle directly drives the movable contacts of the arc extinguishing chamber through the three transmission output ends, transmission paths are shortened, transmission is simplified, and overall performance is increased.