The invention provides a system and a method for treating and recycling methanol aromatization wastewater and belongs to a wastewater treatment method of a chemical process. After the methanol aromatization wastewater is subjected to phase separation by use of a gas-liquid-liquid three-phase separator, the wastewater is orderly treated by a particle removing device, a wastewater gas stripping device, a gravity oil removing device and an air floatation device so that petroleum materials in the wastewater can be removed, next, the wastewater is homogenized and then treated by an anaerobic treatment system and an aerobic treatment system so that organic matters in the wastewater can be further removed, and then the wastewater is flocculently precipitated and filtered so that the wastewater can be up to the reuse standard. The method is capable of effectively recycling most wastewater and reducing the usage amount of fresh water; compared with the conventional process, the inventory is reduced by more than 50% in the whole wastewater treatment process, and the wastewater treatment cost is low.