The invention relates to an X-ray continuous energy spectrum measuring apparatus. The apparatus mainly comprises X-ray attenuators, an X-ray sensor, a preamplifier circuit, an analog/digital conversion circuit, an interface circuit and software. The interface circuit comprises a control interface, a data interface and a power supply interface. The X-ray sensor is placed perpendicular to the irradiation direction of ray, and includes N separate units, wherein N is a natural number greater than 1. Accordingly, a system has N measuring channels, and the X-ray attenuators corresponding to the channels have different configurations, so the response of the sensor to different energy X ray photons is different, and a produced signal contains energy spectrum information. After the signal is input into a computer, the X-ray continuous spectrum can be obtained through specifically processing by algorithm software.