The invention discloses a metal nanoparticle-doped hollow-structured yttrium calcium stannate luminescent material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of luminescent materials. The general chemical formula of the luminescent material is Ca0.4(Y1-xEux)1.2Sn0.4O3@My, wherein M is at least one selected from metal nanoparticles consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd and Cu, x is more than 0 and no more than 0.1, and y is the mol ratio of M to Ca0.4(Y1-xEux)1.2Sn0.4O3 and is more than 0 and no more than 1 * 10<-2>. In the metal nanoparticle-doped hollow-structure yttrium calcium stannate luminescent material, the M metal particle is introduced, so the hollow-structure yttrium calcium stannate luminescent material has greatly improved luminous efficiency under same excitation conditions, the wavelength of emitted light is not changed, color purity and luminance of light emitted under excitation are high, and the hollow-structure yttrium calcium stannate luminescent material can be applied to field emission devices.