The invention provides a method of precisely measuring an optical fiber array fiber core distance and a system. The method comprises steps: a preset calibration template is used for calibration and errors are obtained; end surface images of a to-be-measured optical fiber array are acquired according to a preset measurement template, the measurement template and the to-be-measured optical fiber array end surface are correspondingly fixed on a movable working table, and light source light in optical fibers in the optical fiber array is conducted; and according to the measurement template, a plurality of acquired images are spliced and restored in sequence according to the preset algorithm, processing is carried out, a processed image is obtained, and the fiber core position is calculated according to the processed image and the errors. The precision of optical fiber array fiber core distance measurement can be effectively improved without increasing the cost.