The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating arthralgia caused by rheumatic chills and fever and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition of the invention is on the basis of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and in accordance with the principle of assistant and guide for compatibility. The monarch drugs comprise Radix Astragali, Radix cyathulae, fried eucommia bark, dipsacus root, Atractylodes, radix angelicae, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, Radix Clematidis, fried phellodendron and dodder; ministerial drugs comprise white peony root, angelica, roasted white atractylodes rhizome, Radix Aconiti Preparata, prepared kusnezoff monkshood root, prepared frankincense, prepared myrrh, notopterygium, radix angelicae tuhuo, large-leaved gentian, parasitic loranthus and ginger-prepared rhizoma arisaematis; adjuvant drugs comprise figwort, radix rehmannia, wolfberry fruit, Ligusticum wallichii, peach kernel, cinnamon, pangolin, agkistrodon and felwort; and conductant drugs stir-fried medicated leaven, tangerine peel, Amomum villosum, licorice and dried ginger. The drugs together play the roles of clearing away heat and toxic material, subsiding swelling and disintegrating mass, rectifying Qi, relieving pain, relieving cold and dampness, expelling wind, extending the tendons, and strengthening waist and knee and bones; and the composition is mainly used for the treatment of arthralgia caused by rheumatic chills and fever, and has substantial curative effect.