The invention discloses a method for quickly establishing an improved breeding system of YY super-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The method mainly includes the first step of screening pelteobagrus fulvidraco wild male parents, the second step of carrying out wild parent germplasm resource evaluation on the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the third step of establishing YY female and YY male basic breeding population through mating with existing YY males, the fourth step of carrying out breeding on the YY female and YY male basic breeding population, the fifth step of carrying out test mating verification on the YY females and the YY males, the sixth step of carrying out quick population expansion on the improved breeding system of the YY female super-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco and establishing the improved breeding system of the YY female super-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and the last step of repeating the sixth step, so the improved breeding system can be established. According to the method, genetic diversities of the super-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco are increased, the rate of fertilization, and the incubation rate and the survival rate are improved; meanwhile, the breeding time is shortened, batch breeding can be achieved, the YY female super-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco and XY male fishes with improved characters can be produced in a large-scale mode, the yield can be improved greatly, and economic benefits can be increased.